SS-31 (Elamipretide) Testing

MW: 640.77 g/molHalf-life: ~2–3 hoursStatus: FDA-approved

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin; cardiac and renal research.

Mechanism of action

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (also known as Elamipretide). Binds selectively to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure and supporting electron transport chain assembly. The alternating cationic/aromatic motif is what drives mitochondrial targeting.

Sequence & structure

D-Arg-2',6'-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂

Two non-natural amino acids: D-Arg and 2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr. Stereochemistry verification is essential.

Research areas

  • Heart failure (Stealth BioTherapeutics Phase 3)
  • Mitochondrial diseases (Barth syndrome — FDA approved 2024)
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury
  • Age-related muscle dysfunction

What we test on SS-31 (Elamipretide)

RP-HPLC, intact-mass LC-MS, MS/MS with stereochemistry confirmation against reference standard.

Standard Mitochondrial / Longevity Panel
  • RP-HPLC purity
  • LC-MS identity
  • Stability indicating method (NAD+)

Common impurities & failure modes

  • L-Arg substitution at position 1

    Eliminates the alternating cationic/aromatic motif; activity loss.

  • Demethylated Tyr

    Loss of one or both methyl groups (−14 or −28 Da).

  • Failed amidation

    −1 Da.

Regulatory status

FDA-approved (Forzinity / elamipretide for Barth syndrome, 2024).

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